Pulmonary complications in cancer patients

The recent advances of cancer treatment allow patients with many types of cancer to survive longer. This prolonged survival may be affected by pulmonary complications caused by the primary malignancy or its treatments. The pulmonary system is very sensitive to injuries and complications of cancer therapy. Pulmonary complications in cancer patients are common and sometimes can be fatal. They may involve the pulmonary parenchyma, vessels, and the pleural space. Emergency department physicians are often at the front line in diagnosing and treating cancer patients with pulmonary complications. Early diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion, accurate history taking (including recent or old cancer therapy), and targeted initial testing. Early intervention and managing emergent situations are as important as seeking appropriate specialized consultation promptly.