TY - JOUR
T1 - Near-unity nuclear polarization with an open-source 129Xe hyperpolarizer for NMR and MRI
AU - Nikolaou, Panayiotis
AU - Coffey, Aaron M.
AU - Walkup, Laura L.
AU - Gust, Brogan M.
AU - Whiting, Nicholas
AU - Newton, Hayley
AU - Barcus, Scott
AU - Muradyan, Iga
AU - Dabaghyan, Mikayel
AU - Moroz, Gregory D.
AU - Rosen, Matthew S.
AU - Patz, Samuel
AU - Barlow, Michael J.
AU - Chekmenev, Eduard Y.
AU - Goodson, Boyd M.
PY - 2013/8/27
Y1 - 2013/8/27
N2 - The exquisite NMR spectral sensitivity and negligible reactivity of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HP129Xe) make it attractive for a number of magnetic resonance applications; moreover, HP129Xe embodies an alternative to rare and nonrenewable 3He. However, the ability to reliably and inexpensively produce large quantities of HP129Xe with sufficiently high 129Xe nuclear spin polarization (PXe) remains a significant challenge-particularly at high Xe densities. We present results from our "open-source" large-scale (~1 L/h) 129Xe polarizer for clinical, preclinical, and materials NMR and MRI research. Automated and composed mostly of off-the-shelf components, this "hyperpolarizer" is designed to be readily implementable in other laboratories. The device runs with high resonant photon flux (up to 200Wat the Rb D1 line) in the xenon-rich regime (up to 1,800 torr Xe in 500 cc) in either single-batch or stopped-flow mode, negating in part the usual requirement of Xe cryocollection. Excellent agreement is observed among four independent methods used to measure spin polarization. In-cell PXe values of ~90%, ~57%, ~50%, and ~30% have been measured for Xe loadings of ~300, ~500, ~760, and ~1,570 torr, respectively. PXe values of ~41% and ~28% (with ~760 and ~1,545 torr Xe loadings) have been measured after transfer to Tedlar bags and transport to a clinical 3 T scanner for MR imaging, including demonstration of lung MRI with a healthy human subject. Long "in-bag" 129Xe polarization decay times have been measured (T1 ~38 min and ~5.9 h at ~1.5 mT and 3 T, respectively)-more than sufficient for a variety of applications.
AB - The exquisite NMR spectral sensitivity and negligible reactivity of hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HP129Xe) make it attractive for a number of magnetic resonance applications; moreover, HP129Xe embodies an alternative to rare and nonrenewable 3He. However, the ability to reliably and inexpensively produce large quantities of HP129Xe with sufficiently high 129Xe nuclear spin polarization (PXe) remains a significant challenge-particularly at high Xe densities. We present results from our "open-source" large-scale (~1 L/h) 129Xe polarizer for clinical, preclinical, and materials NMR and MRI research. Automated and composed mostly of off-the-shelf components, this "hyperpolarizer" is designed to be readily implementable in other laboratories. The device runs with high resonant photon flux (up to 200Wat the Rb D1 line) in the xenon-rich regime (up to 1,800 torr Xe in 500 cc) in either single-batch or stopped-flow mode, negating in part the usual requirement of Xe cryocollection. Excellent agreement is observed among four independent methods used to measure spin polarization. In-cell PXe values of ~90%, ~57%, ~50%, and ~30% have been measured for Xe loadings of ~300, ~500, ~760, and ~1,570 torr, respectively. PXe values of ~41% and ~28% (with ~760 and ~1,545 torr Xe loadings) have been measured after transfer to Tedlar bags and transport to a clinical 3 T scanner for MR imaging, including demonstration of lung MRI with a healthy human subject. Long "in-bag" 129Xe polarization decay times have been measured (T1 ~38 min and ~5.9 h at ~1.5 mT and 3 T, respectively)-more than sufficient for a variety of applications.
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.1306586110
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1306586110
M3 - Article
C2 - 23946420
AN - SCOPUS:84883373676
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 110
SP - 14150
EP - 14155
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 35
ER -