Heterotopic ossification of the shoulder in patients with traumatic brain injury

Background: We retrospectively reviewed 10 consecutive patients (11 shoulders) with traumatic brain injury who underwent surgical resection of heterotopic ossification (HO) of the shoulder. Our primary research goal was to determine the change in range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder after resection of heterotopic ossification in patients with traumatic brain injury. Secondary research goals were to determine simple functional outcome gains related to activities of daily living and to determine complications in this patient cohort. Methods and materials: Data were collected retrospectively and included measured ROM of the shoulder and observed ability to perform daily activities. The average age of the patients was 33 years (range, 20-45). Results: Sagittal plane motion (flexion/extension) increased by 85.0°, coronal plane motion (adduction/abduction) increased by 59.1°, and axial plane motion (internal/external rotation) increased by 66.8° (P < .001). Nine patients increased independence with improved functional status (7 patients able to perform all 3 activities of feeding, grooming, and toiletry) (P < .001). Conclusion: Surgical resection of heterotopic ossification of the shoulder is an effective procedure to increase joint mobility and improve function.