Efficient Transformation of Waste Bone Oil into High Quality Biodiesel via a Synergistic Catalysis of Porous Organic Polymer Solid Acid and Porous γ-Al₂O₃-K₂O Solid Base

We report here a novel synergistic catalysis system combined with porous organic polymeric solid acid (H-PDVB-SO₃H) and K₂O doped porous γ-Al₂O₃ solid base (γ-Al₂O₃-K₂O). H-PDVB-SO₃H and γ-Al₂O₃-K₂O have abundant nanopores, controllable surface wettability, and high concentrations of acidic and basic sites. The synergistic catalysis system exploited by us could efficiently transform acidulated bone oil and plant oil into high quality biodiesel under mild conditions, which achieved ASTM specifications pertaining to acid number and total and free glycerin. Acidulated bone is a bone meal treated with sulfuric acid containing high-value hydrocarbons, which is generated in large amounts by the cattle industry. This work develops an efficient and cost-effective approach to transform animal waste into high quality biodiesel.