TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of Biomimetic Scaffolds with Both Intrafibrillar and Extrafibrillar Mineralization
AU - Hu, Changmin
AU - Zhang, Lichun
AU - Wei, Mei
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2015/12/14
Y1 - 2015/12/14
N2 - Bone is an organic-inorganic hierarchical biocomposite. Its basic building block is mineralized collagen fibers with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization, which is believed to be regulated by noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) with polyanionic domains. In this study, collagen fibrils with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization were successfully prepared and the mechanism of biomineralization was proposed. Building on this success, a unique biomimetic lamellar scaffold composed of collagen fibrils with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization was fabricated using a combination of self-compression and unidirectional freeze-drying approach. To achieve intrafibrillar mineralization, we used poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to sequester calcium and phosphate ions to form fluidic PAA-amorphous calcium phosphate (PAA-ACP) nanoprecursors. At the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), PAA-ACP nanoprecursors were modulated to orderly deposit within the gap zone of collagen fibrils. The effect of PAA concentration on the intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils was investigated. It was found that with the decrease in PAA concentration, the inhibitory effect of PAA on mineralization and the stability of ACP nanoprecursors decreased. As a result, more minerals were deposited both within and on the surface of the collagen fibrils. Moreover, with the ability to reproduce biomineralization of collagen fibrils, it allowed us to fabricate biomimetic hierarchical collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffolds composed of both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar minerals using a bottom-up approach. This technique renders a promising biomimetic scaffold, which will be suitable for bone repair and regeneration.
AB - Bone is an organic-inorganic hierarchical biocomposite. Its basic building block is mineralized collagen fibers with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization, which is believed to be regulated by noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) with polyanionic domains. In this study, collagen fibrils with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization were successfully prepared and the mechanism of biomineralization was proposed. Building on this success, a unique biomimetic lamellar scaffold composed of collagen fibrils with both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization was fabricated using a combination of self-compression and unidirectional freeze-drying approach. To achieve intrafibrillar mineralization, we used poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to sequester calcium and phosphate ions to form fluidic PAA-amorphous calcium phosphate (PAA-ACP) nanoprecursors. At the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), PAA-ACP nanoprecursors were modulated to orderly deposit within the gap zone of collagen fibrils. The effect of PAA concentration on the intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of reconstituted collagen fibrils was investigated. It was found that with the decrease in PAA concentration, the inhibitory effect of PAA on mineralization and the stability of ACP nanoprecursors decreased. As a result, more minerals were deposited both within and on the surface of the collagen fibrils. Moreover, with the ability to reproduce biomineralization of collagen fibrils, it allowed us to fabricate biomimetic hierarchical collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffolds composed of both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar minerals using a bottom-up approach. This technique renders a promising biomimetic scaffold, which will be suitable for bone repair and regeneration.
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U2 - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00088
DO - 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00088
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84969142738
SN - 2373-9878
VL - 1
SP - 669
EP - 676
JO - ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
JF - ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
IS - 8
ER -