Challenges on CO₂ capture, utilization, and conversion

With an increasing policy impetus toward green technologies, the importance of mitigating anthropogenic carbon emission cannot be overstressed via the development and scaling of carbon capture, storage, and utilization technologies. The processes involve a series of steps, each with unique challenges of materials and process costs. In addition, each process must look at its footprint on the energy utilization, industrial feasibility, safety, environment, and global warming. This chapter gives a brief overview of the challenges in carbon dioxide capture and utilization processes by reviewing traditional and novel methods and recognizes the importance of the thermodynamic and process feasibility trade-off. It must be recognized that technologies need to overcome the impediment of cost-effective industrial retrofitting. The future potential thus lies in the hands of optimized hybrid processes.