Bionanofluids and mass transfer characteristics

Industrial processes are always on the lookout for the improvement of efficiencies through process and material design. Nanofluids entailing a dispersion of nanoparticles in a base fluid have garnered attention to their superior performance, while bionanofluids take this a step further in introducing bioconvection, accounting for the swimming motion of gyrotactic microorganisms. Their promising application potential makes them a topic of much interest through research and industrial development. This chapter works through reviews and presents information starting with the preparation and stabilization methods and principles of nanofluids to their current applications, focusing on mass transfer processes of bionanofluids. The chapter then reviews the various types of mass transfer processes, investigating the mechanism of enhanced mass transfer, moving onto mathematical modeling to understand the parity between mass and heat transfer. The review then delves into bionanofluids, their applications in mass transfer, and an elucidation of the models of their mass transfer. A conclusion and the future outlook are finally presented.