Applying the transtheoretical model to cancer screening behavior

Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of published research on the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to cancer screening behavior. Methods: Studies were categorized by design, given an internal validity rating where appropriate, and rated. Results: Forty-two studies were reviewed. Stage-matched mammography interventions were supported; however, the body of literature was of limited size. Research on the TTM as it applies to other cancer screenings is sparse. Conclusions: Stage-of-change and decisional balance appear to apply to mammography. More validation research is needed on the application of the TTM to all cancer screening behaviors.